Editing Genomes with High Precision

Summary:
Scientists are finding new ways to alter genomes by inserting or deleting genes. The altered genomes create new organisms that are helpful in studying diseases. This technique originated from genetically adding small pieces of DNA to cells. Now the insertion of genes is being adapted to include homologous recombination. This takes place when an inserted gene is surrounded by genes similar to the original DNA strand so that they do not disrupt the rest of the DNA. Additionally, complexes can cut genes at specific targeted locations which the nuclease Cas9 recognizes. Cas9 can target different sequences so that multiple genes can be altered. One specific disease that the insertion and deletion of genes will influence is Huntington's Disease.  Huntington's Disease is caused by a single, abnormal gene. If this gene can be cut out and replaced then the disease has potential of being cured.

Connection:
In class we studied the uses of biotechnology and the manner in which organisms are manipulated so that they can perform tasks for humans. Specifically we mentioned recombinant DNA technology which combines genes from different sources. Additionally, we discussed how the enzymes such as Cas9 act as restriction enzymes and cut genes out of a long DNA molecule. Genes are inserted into plasmids and from there can genetically modify a plant or animal so that the species reaches its maximum potential. This is similar to the new organisms which have been genetically modified so that they can be used in research. Lastly, we learned how restriction enzymes are used to cut up DNA so that there can be easily seen bands during gel electrophoresis.

Article: Editing the Genome with High Precision
Author: MIT
Published: January 3rd, 2013
Link: http://www.biologynews.net/archives/2013/01/03/editing_the_genome_with_high_precision.html