Great Apes, Small Numbers

Summary: Orangutans' population is declining. However, helping the species breed can assist in maintaining genetic diversity and a larger number of species. Orangutans have separated into sub populations due to geographic barriers. This has led to isolation and lack of available species to be bred. Scientists observed this separation by sampling both the mitochondria DNA (from the moms) and the short, repeated DNA (from both parents).  This study further emphasized the decline in orangutans. Additionally, the sub populations have had to adapt to new conditions. With the environment now changing rapidly, species will not have time to adapt. This will cause the population to further decrease. However, males are able to find females across large distances. When they find each other, the best place for them to mate is in the forest habitat. By preventing deforestation, humans can also increase the amount of species mating and the species' population.

Connection to Class: Through the ecosystems unit, populations were a large discussion point. Populations are a local group of organisms of the same species. The orangutans are a population that is experiencing a lower population density (the number of animals of a specific species in a measured area). Scientists have used various sampling techniques to determine the size and breeding potential of the population. However, the loss of population is due to a density independent factor. There are fewer species because of geographic barriers, versus overpopulation. These geographic barriers have resulted in different habitats (specific environments where organisms live). The varying habitats have different biotic and abiotic factors, which cause different adaptations. However, these apes can be saved by preventing deforestation. Deforestation is a form of habitat destruction and a threat to biodiversity.

Link: http://www.biologynews.net/archives/2012/10/16/great_apes_small_numbers_.html
source: Biology News.net

-By Audrey Malloy